systemd-analyze

Analyze system boot-up performance

TLDR

Print the last system startup time

$ systemd-analyze

List all running units ordered by initialization time

$ systemd-analyze blame

Print a tree of the time-critical chain of bootup units

$ systemd-analyze critical-chain

Create an SVG showing service startup timeline

$ systemd-analyze plot > [path/to/file.svg]

Plot a dependency graph to SVG

$ systemd-analyze dot | dot -T svg > [path/to/file.svg]

Show security scores of running units

$ systemd-analyze security

View all udev rules without comments

$ systemd-analyze cat-config udev/rules.d --tldr

SYNOPSIS

systemd-analyze [command] [options]

systemd-analyze provides detailed information about system boot-up performance and systemd unit configurations. It helps identify slow-starting services and debug boot issues.The blame and critical-chain commands are particularly useful for optimizing boot time by identifying bottlenecks. The security command audits unit sandboxing configurations.

PARAMETERS

blame

List units by startup time

critical-chain

Show critical path of unit startup

plot

Generate SVG plot of boot sequence

dot

Generate dependency graph in DOT format

security

Analyze security and sandboxing settings

verify

Verify unit file syntax

cat-config

Show merged configuration files

time

Show boot timing summary (default)

INSTALL

sudo apt install systemd

sudo dnf install systemd

sudo pacman -S systemd

sudo zypper install systemd

brew install systemd

nix profile install nixpkgs#systemd

CAVEATS

Some commands require graphviz (dot) for visualization. Boot timing data is only available after system boots completely. Security scores are recommendations, not requirements.