uwsgi

Application server for Python web frameworks

TLDR

Run a WSGI application with HTTP server

$ uwsgi --http :8080 --wsgi-file [app.py]

Run with multiple processes and threads

$ uwsgi --http :8080 --wsgi-file [app.py] --master --processes [4] --threads [2]

Run with a Unix socket for Nginx

$ uwsgi --socket [/tmp/uwsgi.sock] --wsgi-file [app.py] --chmod-socket=666

Run a Django application

$ uwsgi --http :8080 --module [myproject.wsgi]:application

Run from a configuration file

$ uwsgi --ini [uwsgi.ini]

Enable stats server

$ uwsgi --http :8080 --wsgi-file [app.py] --stats 127.0.0.1:9191

uWSGI is an application server that implements the WSGI specification for serving Python web applications. It provides a bridge between web servers like Nginx and Python frameworks like Django, Flask, and Pyramid.The server supports multiple protocols: HTTP for direct serving, the uwsgi binary protocol for efficient Nginx communication, and sockets for local IPC. It handles process management, load balancing, and caching.Configuration can be provided via command-line options or INI/YAML/JSON files. The master process mode enables graceful reloading and automatic worker respawning.

PARAMETERS

--http address

Enable HTTP server on specified address:port

--socket address

Bind to specified UNIX/TCP socket for uwsgi protocol

--wsgi-file file

Load WSGI application from Python file

--module module

Load WSGI application from specified module

--master

Enable master process for managing workers

--processes n

Spawn n worker processes

--threads n

Run n threads per worker process

--chdir path

Change to directory before loading application

--virtualenv path

Use specified Python virtualenv

--ini file

Load configuration from INI file

--stats address

Enable stats server on specified address

--chmod-socket

Set socket file permissions

INSTALL

sudo dnf install uwsgi

sudo pacman -S uwsgi

sudo apk add uwsgi

sudo zypper install uwsgi

brew install uwsgi

nix profile install nixpkgs#uwsgi

CAVEATS

uWSGI has been in maintenance mode since October 2022. Consider alternatives like Gunicorn for new projects. The uwsgi protocol (lowercase) is different from the uWSGI application server. Socket permissions require careful configuration when running behind Nginx.

HISTORY

uWSGI was developed as a full-stack application server supporting multiple languages and protocols. Despite its name coming from WSGI, it expanded to support Ruby (Rack), Perl (PSGI), and other languages. The project became widely adopted for Python deployments.