valgrind

Memory debugging and profiling framework

TLDR

Check for memory leaks

$ valgrind --leak-check=full [./program]

Run with detailed leak info

$ valgrind --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all [./program]

Track memory origins

$ valgrind --track-origins=yes [./program]

Use cachegrind for cache profiling

$ valgrind --tool=cachegrind [./program]

Use callgrind for call profiling

$ valgrind --tool=callgrind [./program]

Use helgrind for thread error detection

$ valgrind --tool=helgrind [./program]

Generate suppressions for known issues

$ valgrind --gen-suppressions=all [./program]

SYNOPSIS

valgrind [--tool=toolname] [options] program [args]

valgrind is an instrumentation framework for dynamic analysis tools. The default tool, memcheck, detects memory management problems: leaks, use of uninitialized memory, buffer overflows, and invalid frees.Programs run significantly slower under Valgrind (10-50x) as every memory access is instrumented. This is normal and expected.Output indicates error type, location (with line numbers if compiled with -g), and call stack. "Definitely lost" memory is a real leak; "still reachable" may be acceptable cleanup deferred to exit.Other tools profile performance (cachegrind, callgrind), detect threading issues (helgrind, drd), or analyze heap usage (massif).

PARAMETERS

--tool=name

Select tool (memcheck, cachegrind, callgrind, helgrind, drd, massif)

--leak-check=level

Check for memory leaks (no, summary, full)

--show-leak-kinds=kinds

Which leaks to show (definite, indirect, possible, reachable, all)

--track-origins=yes|no

Track origins of uninitialized values

--log-file=file

Write output to file

--xml=yes

Output in XML format

--gen-suppressions=level

Generate suppression entries (no, yes, all)

--suppressions=file

Use suppressions from file

-v, --verbose

More verbose output

-q, --quiet

Less verbose output

--num-callers=N

Maximum stack depth for error reports (default: 12)

--vgdb=yes|no|full

Enable gdb server for debugging under Valgrind

TOOLS

memcheck: Memory error detector (default)cachegrind: Cache and branch profilercallgrind: Call-graph profilerhelgrind: Thread error detectordrd: Thread error detector (different algorithm)massif: Heap profiler

INSTALL

sudo apt install valgrind

sudo dnf install valgrind

sudo pacman -S valgrind

sudo apk add valgrind

sudo zypper install valgrind

brew install valgrind

nix profile install nixpkgs#valgrind

CAVEATS

Compile programs with -g for line numbers and -O0 or -O1 for accurate debugging (high optimization confuses source mapping).False positives occur, especially with system libraries. Use suppression files to ignore known issues.Valgrind doesn't work well with JIT compilers or custom memory allocators without additional configuration.

HISTORY

Valgrind was created by Julian Seward and first released in 2002. The name comes from the entrance to Valhalla in Norse mythology. It has become the standard memory debugging tool for C/C++ on Linux.